Photochemical machining (PCM), also known as photochemical milling or photo etching, is a chemical milling process used to fabricate sheet metal components. Photo etching can produce highly complex parts with very fine detail accurately and economically. It maintains dimensional tolerances and does not create burrs or sharp edges. PCM can be used on virtually any commercially available metal or alloy, of any hardness. It is limited to materials with a thickness of 0.0005 to 0.080 (0.013 to 2.0 metals include aluminium, brass, copper, nickel silver, steel, stainless steel, zinc and titanium. Industrial applications include fine screens and meshes, apertures and masks, battery grids, fuel cell components, sensors, lt springs, pressure membranes, heat sinks, lt flexible heating elements, RF and microwave circuits and components, semiconductor leadframes, motor and transformer laminations, metal gaskets and seals, shields and retainers, electrical contacts, encoders and light choppers, EMI/RFI shields, jewelry and washers.